Paul states in the above verse that the man who prays and preaches in public with his head covered shames his head. 103:20-21). Think of the debates in our country during the last fifty years. It said, “Look at me—I am noble as the emperor.” Therefore, the Corinthian men were copying a pagan dress as they conducted worship that stated, “Look at me and my high status. 11:14-15). Now he turned to natural revelation (cf. Culture is not sovereign or untouchable. Rather, Paul is using image in terms of a picture or portrait, as that which reveals or makes visible something unseen. The Corinthians are holding to some of the apostolic traditions, but there is one more tradition with which they need help. Neither should be independent or think themselves superior to the other. comments on v. 15). In this instance it concerned headship. Terms of Use Privacy Policy Copyright Policy, Persecution, Martyr, Suffering, Testimony, Christian witness, Christian persecution, Prayer, Westminster Confession of Faith, Creation, God's Creation, Animals, Providence, God's providence, Click Here to Subscribe to BCL's Free Monthly Newsletter and Weekday Devotional, 5 Helpful Things to Do to Kill Envy in Our Hearts, 3 Good Things to Remember When People Let You Down, Encouragement for Battling Spiritual Depression, How to Comfort and Encourage Parents of a Miscarriage, Repeated Sinning and the Hope of Forgiveness, 8 Comforting Things to Remember about Jesus' Benediction, "NUTS!" 6 For if a woman does not cover her head, she might as well have her hair cut off; but if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, then she should cover her head. Exceptions to this general practice were due either to necessity (e.g., Apuleius The Golden Ass 7. I would encourage you to do so. Paul is referring to the cultural norm of the Greeks and Romans, who thought a man with long hair looked effeminate and weak. Woman came from Adam’s rib, but man is born of a woman. First, Paul identifies a very particular activity of men: praying and prophesying. Thus, in their art, the Romans often pictured the barbarians being defeated with long hair as sign of their effeminate weakness, more like a woman. She not only shames herself, but she also shames her husband by making the statement that she sleeps around. We still live our lives within the good created order that God ordained by his good and perfect will. The angels join in with our worship of God on the Lord’s day. According to that view, a woman’s hair was given instead of a physical covering, for it in itself is a covering. God created the woman to be a helpmeet to the man. It was the man that needed the help. The following is an excerpt from The MacArthur New Testament Commentary on 1 Corinthians 11. In terms of equality and worth, there is no Jew or Gentile, slave or free, male or female, but we are all one in Christ (Gal. Why Christians Must Fight On Against the Devil’s Calls to Surrender — Revelation 22:12-21, Run to Jesus: Living in a Time of Great Loss, 7 Reasons Why God Makes a “Crook” in a Christian’s Lot. Again, we need to be familiar with the normal dress for women in the Greco-Roman culture. For this Paul commended them: I praise you. In any army or business, there are levels of structural authority: workers, middle management, senior management, and a CEO. Natural revelation confirmed the propriety of women wearing the physical covering (cf. 10:24) or the glory of God (10:31). Lucian, The Runaways 27) which they tied up for battle (Herodotus History 7. 91). She might as well shave her head, a sign of disgrace (Aristophanes Thesmophoriazysae 837). For her hair is given to her for a covering. People’s clothes were to be in accord with their status. She was rebelling against the rules of propriety by dressing and acting like a man. The key verse of this passage is 1 Corinthians 11:3 "But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God." 11:7). (1 Cor. Christ is our Groom, as we are his bride. It cannot be unequivocally asserted but the preponderance of evidence points toward the public head covering of women as a universal custom in the first century in both Jewish culture ([apocryphal] 3 Maccabees 4:6; Mishnah, Ketuboth 7. Not wearing a head covering advertised that the woman was looking for a man (e.g., she was a prostitute). And women should not dress like prostitutes but as modest and respectable women. 11:16. The word head (kephaleµ) seems to express two things: subordination and origination. In doing so, she dishonors herself and her spiritual head, the man. Recognizing God’s Providence: Fellowship Restored (Gen. 45:1-28). The fact that Paul appealed to church practice elsewhere as a feature of his argument in this section (11:16) suggests that he was discussing church meetings. God created them both for each other (Gen. 1:27; 2:18). Men and women together in mutual interdependence, complementing each other, bring glory to God (cf. He rules us not with a rod of iron, but with the tenderness of his love and grace. When the Greeks looked at a man with his head covered, they thought he looked like a woman. What you wear says something about who you are: your nationality, wealth, generation, occupation, and even your position on certain movements or issues in culture. Therefore, he cannot look like a woman, which a head covering made him look like in first-century Corinth. Widows and prostitutes did not wear the cover. First, to get married was known as “putting on the veil.” So only married women wore the head covering (hood-like; not over the face). The Corinthians are cross dressing in worship, flaunting all norms of cultural modesty and decency. © 2021 Beautiful Christian Life LLC. 1:20) for a fourth argument in support of his recommendation. By the phrase “because of angels,” Paul most likely is referring to the truth that when the church worships, it is taken up to a heavenly plane. Christian Basics: What Are the Five “Alones” and Why Do You Need to Know Them? 11:5-6. 3:10; 1 Tim. In chapter 11 of First Corinthians, the apostle Paul brings up this issue of dress, especially in worship, and he calls us in Christ to respect and follow the order of God’s creation, an order through which Christ has revealed himself and his salvation to us. I draw upon ... New American Standard Bible. Hence, to fully appreciate Paul here, we must think critically about cultural norms. Download MP3. 6, “to escape in disguise”) or perversity (Diogenes Laertius, Lives 6. (1 Cor. This is why Paul says a wife praying uncovered in public shames her head. So, the Corinthian man who was wearing a head covering was officiating in worship in a manner that said, “Look at my high status,” but everyone in the congregation was thinking, “he is dressing like a woman.” It is no wonder that Paul says that a man who does this shames his head. By head, Paul means authority. 7:37; 8:9; 9:4-6, 12, 18), would be to bring the wisdom of God (Eph. For all of Christian history up until the 1960s with the advent of second wave feminism women wore some type of head covering whenever they went to church for worship. Excursus on verse 10, “because of the angels.” Ritual Clothing in the Andanian Mysteries. Plutarch’s Conjugal Precepts. And their cross-dressing is destroying God’s created gender distinctives and the order of headship. Woman’s subordination does not mean inferiority. Now I want to give a short commentary on these verses. For a man to cover his head was effeminate; it was to blur the line between genders for Greeks. In order to understand Paul’s argument here, it is critical to know the world, or cultural context, in which Paul and the Corinthians lived, especially how they dressed, for the Greco-Roman world was one that had a defined dress code. In fact, clothes can pigeon-hole us so much (especially in our pop-culture) that some people emphatically want to assert that clothes mean nothing: “It is not the outside that defines me but the inside.”. The covering was a crucial part of being a modest and self-controlled woman. To further attempt to lead prayer or prophecy dressed without a head covering would be especially appalling. Eve came from Adam, and each man born in the world comes from a woman’s womb (11:12). And Paul begins this topic of instruction by setting forth the undergirding principle in verse 3: But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of a wifeis her husband, and the head of Christ is God. 3-6; the second reason was Creation, vv. Christ’s headship of us is summarily comprehended in the gospel of our salvation. For this cause ought the woman to have power on her head … She has a natural covering, and should follow the custom of wearing a physical covering in a public meeting. If the minister looks like a woman, this brings dishonor to God who reveals himself through the minister as a man. Cicero On Duties 1. 11:3. May God give us the grace to glorify Christ in this way. What Is Colossians 3:18–4:1 Saying about Submission within Family and Society? Paul had based his previous reasoning for maintaining the head covering as a woman’s expression of her subordination on arguments rooted in special revelation. Some Christian women, based on Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Methodist teaching, wear the head covering in public worship, while others, especially Anabaptist Christians, believe women should wear head coverings all the time in the … As in the case of food offered to idols (8:1-11:1), Paul dealt with the immediate issue but also put his finger on the root of the problem, the Corinthian pursuit of self-interest which was unwilling to subordinate itself to the needs of others (cf. If a married woman abandoned this complementary role, she also abandoned her glory, and for Paul an uncovered woman’s head gave symbolic expression to that spirit. The Bible’s Words on Head Covering “Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ. Therefore, for a woman or a man to throw off the headship order in the presence of angels is especially shameful, since God’s heavenly servants are witnessing such a flagrant denial of God’s good order. The practice of women wearing head coverings is not simply a Christian tradition, but it is actually commanded in the Bible in 1 Corinthians 11:4-5(KJV): 12:10), he was to have his physical head uncovered so that he would not dishonor himself and his spiritual head, Christ (v. 3). In this view women should pray with long hair, not short hair. Headship is the key truth that must be kept in mind through our passage. Rather, head is an organic image. Every man who has something on his head while praying or prophesying, disgraces his head. “ For a man ought not to have his head covered, since he is the image and glory of God; but the woman is the glory of man ” (1 Corinthians 11:7). For God commanded that Aaron and all the Old Testament priests had to cover their heads as they ministered in the temple. 11:10). In this sense she as a wife is the glory of man, her husband. What is Paul saying specifically here about “headship”? Thus, the key attribute of being a head is to seek the good of the other. It is critical to note that Paul is clear in 1 Corinthians 14 that women should not be praying or prophesying in an authoritative role in the public assembly of the church; thus, he is not condoning such actions here in chapter 11. This view, however, does not explain the woman’s act of covering or uncovering her head, mentioned in 1 Corinthians 11:5-6. 7 A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. It is clear that Paul is being a pastor to a church in the context in which they lived. Of course, when we hear that man is the head of woman, we immediately wonder how this is worked out? Moreover, as the head-covering was the emblem of maiden modesty before man (Ge 24:65), and conjugal chastity (Ge 20:16); so, to uncover the head indicated withdrawal from the power of the husband, whence a suspected wife had her head uncovered by the priest (Nu 5:18). This is the creational order that establishes the truth that the head of woman is man and that she is the glory of man, while the man is the image and glory of God. The Spartans, for example, favored shoulder-length hair for men (cf. But in terms of order and structure, the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 11:13-15. 5:21; cf. The body serves the head, but what is good for the head is good for the body—there is mutuality. Winter.) There was another thing wrong with this male covering of the head in worship. Jesus humbled himself, taking on the shame of the cross, so that you might be glorious in him. Does not nature itself teach you that if a man wears long hair it is a disgrace for him, but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? Thus, Paul is not ultimately concerned about men wearing hoods or hats, in or outside worship, but he is clear that no cross-dressing is permitted, which a head covering was for a man in Corinth. Even though Paul is stressing the proper order between men and women, even though he stresses the proper order of headship, he nonetheless is clear about equal worth of men and women: Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman; for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. A woman’s (a wife’s) glory and image was derived from (1 Cor. With an understanding of this covering, we can now look at verse 4 of 1 Corinthians 11 and see that it says, “Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head.” Verse 3 tells us who his head is, “But I would have you know, that the … 11:11-12. The head covering is to be worn by women in the church service only when praying or prophesying publicly. Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.a. The Corinthians had expressed to Paul, either in their letter or via their spokesmen (cf, 1:11; 16:17), that they remained devoted to Paul and to the teachings, the central doctrines of the faith, which he had communicated to them (cf. For more information on reasons to believe head coverings were cultural, see the commentary at … with a hat or cap, or such covering of the head as is in use in the country wherein he liveth. It was so important that many Greek cities had a local official called the “controls of women” who policed how women dressed in public. An illustrated survey. Aaron had to wear one, but Paul forbids it in Corinth, for it is what women did. 11:8) and complementary to (v. 9) that of the man (her husband). Paul will bring in creational order as well, but the crosshairs of his instruction are aimed at the church. That is why a wife ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. Thus, a man should not cover his head while officiating in worship because he is the image and glory of God: For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God, but woman is the glory of man. Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®) copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. I would study the original language and the original arguments used by Paul. As the saying goes, behind every great man there is an even greater woman. In discussing the head covering with these brethren, Paul stated the four-fold purpose for the covering these women were wearing. (4) The head covering is a meaningful symbol in the ancient world that needs … This image is also found on coins, as it was a form of Roman propaganda—showing Caesar as a religious head. This view, however, does not explain the woman’s act of covering or uncovering her head, mentioned in 1 Corinthians 11:5-6. [1] Thomas A. J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, 2nd ed. The former is primary in this passage, but the latter may also be found (1 Cor. For the man is not of the woman; but the woman of the man. There is a mutuality and interdependence between man and woman. Like Like So also, for a woman to cut her hair short was for her to disguise herself as man. Aaron, as high priest, had to wear a turban, which covered his head. But since it is disgraceful for a wife to cut off her hair or shave her head, let her cover her head. Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you. Our Lord is God, not a goddess. It also acknowledges that she has a special need for protection by angels that a man may not need. Some have questioned whether his comments in this section refer to the actual meeting of the church or to extra-church occasions in which a woman might pray or prophesy. More importantly they seem to have rejected the concept of subordination within the church (and perhaps in society) and with it any cultural symbol (e.g., a head-covering) which might have been attached to it. Wives, however, did not wear the cover at home, where they spent most of their time. The covering was a crucial part of being a modest and self-controlled woman. As we submit to God’s order, we bring glory to our only Head and Savior, Jesus Christ. And if you saw pictures of the Assyrians, the men’s hair was down to their shoulders (probably close to Israel’s length). 65). The nature of the covering varied considerably (Ovid The Art of Love 3:135-65), but it was commonly a portion of the outer garment drawn up over the head like a hood. Christ is the head of us as his church. Paul was not trying to foist a new behavioral pattern on the Corinthians but simply to hold the line against self-indulgent individual excess in the name of freedom. ESV Text Edition: 2016. 11:11-12). Christ uses his headship for your good. Paul no doubt appreciated the Corinthians’ goodwill toward him. Likewise, with men short hair is not always a sign of manhood. The head covering was specifically for married women in public settings. Some Bible students, however, say that the Greek anti, rendered “as” (i.e., “for” or “in anticipation of”) should be translated in its more normal sense of “instead of.” According to that view, a woman’s hair was given instead of a physical covering, for it in itself is a covering. The emperor Augustus (and others after him) would do this as well, since he also performed pagan priestly duties. For the Romans, when their priests officiated in worship—praying and sacrificing—they would cover their heads. Angels were spectators of the church (4:9; Eph. What Is Mutual Submission and How Does It Apply to Marriage? As historian Thomas A. J. McGinn comments in Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, “you were what you wore.” [1]. To copy the emperor was a way to elevate your own status. Many women can’t grow long hair, especially when they get older. 1st Cor 11:2-16: Bible Walkthrough - Duration: 13:24. bible walkthrough 46,438 views. Historical documents show that the Romans and the Greeks had different practices when it came to men (and women) wearing head coverings (The city of Corinth in the 1st century was a Roman colony inhabited mostly by Greeks. As a man is officiating in worship, he is especially representing God. For it was the common presupposition for both Romans and Greeks that men have short hair and woman have long hair. So women should dress respectfully and modestly in their society, but this doesn’t come with a transcultural standard—such as her hair must be 15 inches long. Whether women today in church services should wear hats depends on whether the custom of head coverings in the first century is to be understood as a practice also intended for the present day. But more importantly, he wanted to see behavior in keeping with a Christian’s calling. Did Paul allow women to prophesy in the worship service? The head covering was specifically for married women in public settings. I am elite.”. 11:7-9. The same sense is found in Colossians 1:15, “Christ is the image of the invisible God.” Christ makes visible the unseen God. For man was not made from woman, but woman from man. Head coverings were a prevailing custom for women, so Paul discussed this subject but did not go into specific details because this information was a common part of this culture. It would be like working at the United States embassy in Egypt—your different dress would be noticeable. Thus, this structure of heads does not negate equality. Col. 1:15-20). This covering told everyone that you were an upright and devoted wife, who honored your husband—so do not touch. Other (but less acceptable) explanations have been suggested for the words because of the “angels”: (a) evil angels lusted after the women in the Corinthian congregation; (b) angels are messengers, that is, pastors; (c) good angels learn from women; (d) good angels are an example of subordination; (e) good angels would be tempted by a woman’s insubordination. 11:2. We will update this list as we discover new ones and verify them. Man is not superior in being to woman. Absalom was famous for his long, thick hair. This will give us a survey of the subject. It may be fine to wear a kilt in worship in Scotland, but in many other places, a man should not do this. Even though we belong to Christ’s heavenly kingdom, this heavenly kingdom does not undo the differences and order between the genders. The praying and uncovering woman says, "she is like a man, officially representing God.” So the authority on her head is for her to be in submission to the God-ordained structure of headship of 1 Corinthians 11:3. In 1 Corinthians 11:5-6, God’s word says if it is shameful for a women to cut or shave off her hair then she should cover her head with long hair or veil. To be the head is to be the one over another, to be in leadership. We might not always like it, but the fact of the matter is that our clothes make a statement. They were trying to act and dress more like men. After all, your clothes are the first thing people see, and you have to wear them. (1 Cor. So also, God’s kingdom has a structural authority. Wearing a head covering is a way for a woman to show that she acknowledges the authority that Jehovah has placed upon baptized males in the congregation. This order—that man is the head of woman, and the head of man is Christ and the head of Christ is God—should be precious to us, for it is the very order that Christ has revealed himself to us. Indeed, since Christ is essential to the structure of heads, it is clear that Paul is thinking primarily of Christ’s kingdom—the church. He knew the Corinthian Christians needed examples, and he was willing to be such an example.i. As Paul says elsewhere, “Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, so that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish.”. What follows is a list of all the commentaries that teach that head covering is for today. We are always products of our culture. In some cultures, the women have quite short hair. By nature, Paul means “the customs of a given society or culture.” This is clear if you think about Old Testament Israel. That is, she is to help her husband be honorable, and act in a way that respects him and upholds his good name. Men should dress and act like men, and women should dress and act like women. The issue is not whether the minister has a hat on per se. He is telling the Corinthian church not to offend outsiders by acting dishonorably through cross-dressing in worship. 10:31). (1 Cor. Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man. Of course, it is good not to be vain (true beauty is of the heart) or too concerned about our clothes, but we cannot escape the fact that what we wear is a factor in who we are and how we interact with and respect other people. cover his head, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man. Paul offered a third reason (the first reason was the divine order— God, Christ, man, woman, vv. The covering on a woman's head is a sign of her willingness to be in subjection to a man. (New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2003), 162. Paul then uses the hypothetical example of what it would mean for a woman to be leading prayer or prophesying with her head uncovered in verses 5 and 6: But every wife who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, since it is the same as if her head were shaven. 11:4. 10). Ps. The male Roman priests would drape their togas over their heads. It is unlikely, however, that this was the point of verse 4 (cf. On this heavenly plane of worship, we are with the angels. The first man named her woman for she was from him, bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh. Paul picks up this cultural norm in order to make the point: if a man looks like a woman it is shameful, and if a woman looks like a man, it is shameful. Rather, Paul is using hyperbole to show the men how inappropriate it was for them to dress like a woman via the example of a woman who is flaunting both cultural and church standards. To view the full ESV Copyright information, click here. A wife who prayed in public with no covering was declaring she was free from all restraints—she was promiscuous. According to Paul, for a woman to throw off the covering was an act not of liberation but of degradation. In verses 11-12 the apostle cautions us not to go to extremes in these God-given roles. And especially in worship, the minister should not look like a woman. If, after hearing me and reading this Study, you decide that it is not necessary to cover your head please show respect for any lady who decides to cover her head and not tease her, criticise her or make negative remarks. , her husband created order that God ordained by his good and perfect will young got. 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