He was very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader. Peter III (21 February [O.S. This period at the Swedish court marked him deeply because his uncle provided him with a strict education and punishment. Well, he wasn’t supposedto be originally. He was also depicted as a cowardly, drunken wife-beater in the Japanese anime Le Chevalier D'Eon. The official cause of death was declared a severe intestinal infection. He has been likened to Peter … His first act as a tsar was to take Russia out of the Seven Years’ War (1756-63) and to conclude an alliance with Frederick II of Prussia , whom he admired. Born to Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Anna Petrovna, he was the only child of the couple. 6 July] 1762) (Russian: Пётр III Фёдорович, Pyotr III Fyodorovich) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. On May 5, a peace treaty was signed. In 1739, Peter's father died, and he became Duke of Holstein-Gottorp as Charles Peter Ulrich (German: Karl Peter Ulrich) at the age of 11. Previously, on November 4, 1742, parts of the Swedish estates had elected him to the Swedish throne, which Peter refused. At age 16, she married Karl Ulrich (later Peter III), the heir to the throne of Russia. The young princess formally converted to Russian Orthodoxy and took the name Ekaterina Alexeievna (i.e., Catherine). Of the various uprisings that … He was groomed for the throne of Sweden, but was destined to become the Russian Emperor. Son of Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (1700 – 1739), (nephew of Charles XII of Sweden), and the Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (1708 – 1728), (daughter of Emperor Peter the Great of Russia and his second wife, Catherine I of Russia). Peter III was emperor of Russia for a mere six months in 1762 before he was overthrown by his wife, Catherine the Great, and assassinated in 1762. (biography, photos, videos) Karl Peter Ulrich. When Elizabeth, his mother's younger sister, became Empress of Russia, she brought Peter from Germany to Russia and proclaimed him her heir presumptive in the autumn of 1742. Peter III became emperor of Russia in 1762 at the age of 34. The legend of Peter is still talked about, especially in the town where he lived most of his life, formerly Oranienbaum, later Lomonosov, situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, 40 km west of St. Petersburg. However, shortly before the conference, Peter lost his throne (9 July [O.S. [5] During the sixteen years of their residence in Oranienbaum, Catherine took numerous lovers, while her husband did the same in the beginning. The official cause, after an autopsy, was a severe attack of hemorrhoidal colic and an apoplectic stroke, while others say he was assassinated. Peter's palace is the only one of the famous palaces in the St. Petersburg area that was not captured by the Germans during the Second World War. The classical view of Peter's character is mainly drawn out of the memoirs of his wife and successor. At the same time, there is no doubt that his successor, Catherine the Great, overshadowed her husband’s kingdom. Russia thus switched from an enemy of Prussia to an ally—Russian troops withdrew from Berlin and marched against the Austrians. The following emperors will not dare to abrogate this last ukase. 10 February] 1728 – 17 July [O.S. The German historian Elena Palmer goes even further, portraying Peter III as a cultured, open-minded emperor who tried to introduce various courageous, even democratic reforms in 18th-century Russia. [10][page needed] He proclaimed religious freedom[11], Peter III's economic policy reflected the rising influence of Western capitalism and the merchant class or "Third Estate" that accompanied it. His mother was Anna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia, and his father was the Duke of Hostein-Gottorp. His allegedly improper behavior during the days of mourning annoyed his wife Catherine II and, according to her later statements, large parts of the court and the Russian people. Unfortunately, his mother passed away when he was 10 days old, and his father was also in constant trouble with Peter’s grandfather and the emperor of Russia, Peter the Great. Frederick II of Prussia, completely defeated, dreams of suicide and Prussia expects to be divided between the victors. This proclamation was based on his succession rights to territories held by his childless great-uncle, the late Charles XII of Sweden, who also had been Grand Duke of Finland. Born: 21 February 1728, Kiel, Germany; Also Known As: Charles Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Height: Approx 6ft (182 cm) Reign: 5 January 1762 – 9 July 1762; Predecessor: Elizabeth; Successor: Catherine II; Spouse: Catherine the Great (m. 1745–1762) Children: Paul I of Russia, Anna Petrovna He detested the Russians, and surrounded himself with Holsteiners. While historically Peter's planned war against Denmark was seen[by whom?] The Russian historian A. S. Mylnikov views Peter III very differently: Many contradictory qualities existed in him: keen observation, zeal and sharp wit in his arguments and actions, incaution and lack of perspicuity in conversation, frankness, goodness, sarcasm, a hot temper, and wrathfulness.[6]. 6 July] 1762) (Russian: Пётр III Фëдорович, Pyotr III Fyodorovich) was emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. Name: Peter III ( Karl Peter Ulrich ) Date of birth: 21 Feb 1728. Elena Palmer claims that his reforms were of a democratic nature. The future Peter III was born Karl Peter Ulrich in 1728, in Kiel, Germany. He abolished the secret police, which had been infamous for its extreme violence, and made it illegal for landowners to kill their serfs without going to court. Peter III was born in Kiel, in the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. There is much mystery surrounding his death. He tried to modernize the Russian army. Alarmed at the Russian troops concentrating near their borders, unable to find any allies to resist Russian aggression, and short of money to fund a war, the government of Denmark threatened in late June to invade the free city of Hamburg in northern Germany to force a loan from it. After the death of Peter III, a group of people who believed that the emperor was not dead and was arrested by the empress rose up under the leadership of four people who described themselves as emperor Peter. Standing at 6 ft 8 (203 cm) in height, the Russian tsar was literally head and shoulders above his contemporaries both in Russia and throughout Europe. As Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peter planned war against Denmark in order to restore parts of Schleswig to his Duchy. In fact, he was the grandson of Charles XII of Sweden, on his father’s side, which meant that once his parents died when Peter was young, he was … By order of his son Paul I, Empress Catherine The Great was succeeded the Russian throne, his father’s body was exhumed in December 1796 and transported to the Cathedral of Peter and Paul, where other Russian emperors were buried. The last ukase satisfies part of the nobility because it puts an end to the perpetual military service of this class in force since Peter the Great. His successor, Empress Catherine II, continued some of these decisions but revoked some of them. Peter III was an admirer of Frederick II and as soon as he became emperor, he put an end to this victorious war: all the conquered territories were evacuated and returned without compensation to the King of Prussia, to the annoyance of the Russian army. Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf war Sohn des Herzogs Karl Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf und dessen Ehefrau Anna Petrowna, einer Tochter Peters I. und … Your email address will not be published. However, another theory is that his death was unplanned, resulting from a drunken brawl with one of his guards. She succeeded him as Empress Catherine II. He was portrayed by Douglas Fairbanks Jr. in the 1934 film The Rise of Catherine the Great and by Sam Jaffe in The Scarlet Empress the same year. Peter alienated virtually the entire Russian political and religious establishment during his short time as emperor. Finally, Peter allowed Old Believers, who had earlier fled government persecution, to return to Russia. There have been many attempts to revise the traditional characterization of Peter and his policies. He was born in Kiel as Charles Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf), the only child of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (the son of Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, sister of Charles XII), and Anna Petrovna (the elder surviving daughter of Peter the Great). According to the old Julian calendar Russia was still using at the time, he was born on February 10, 1728; the date on the modern Gregorian calendar was February 21. Peter III (21 February 1728 – 17 July [O.S. He was born in Kiel as Charles Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf), the only child of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (the son of Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, sister of Charles XII), and Anna Petrovna (the elder surviving daughter of Peter the Great). Peter died in captivity soon after his overthrow, perhaps with Catherine's approval as part of the coup conspiracy. Peter III was the Emperor of Russia who served for merely six months, before he was deposed in 1762. Edit source History Talk (0) Share. He had the conviction that his princeship entitled him to disregard decency and the feelings of others. The words "Grandson of Peter the Great" (Vnuk Petra Velikogo), underscoring his dynastic claim to the Russian throne, were made an obligatory part of his official title, and it was made a criminal offence to omit them. Peter was accused of planning an unpatriotic war. From now on, the nobles are no longer obliged to serve the state, except in times of war. In December 1796, after succeeding Catherine, Peter's son, Emperor Paul I of Russia, who disliked his mother's behavior, arranged for Peter's remains to be exhumed and reburied with full honors in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, where other tsars (Russian emperors) were buried. Czar Peter III of Russia was born on February 21, 1728, in Kiel, Germany. 25 December 1761]), he withdrew Russian forces from the Seven Years' War and concluded a peace treaty (5 May [O.S. Age: 34 years. On the night of July 8, a palace coup took place with the help of two military regiments under the strict control of the emperor. wurde Peter im Alexander-Newski-Kloster aufgebahrt. La Tempesta (1958) depicts Yemelyan Pugachev's effort to force his recognition as Peter III and offers a critical view of Catherine the Great, with Van Heflin in the role of Pugachev and Viveca Lindfors as Catherine. He Was a Creepy Child. The examples and perspective in this section. He planned brutal practical jokes, in which blows had always a share. He was born in Germany as Karl Peter Ulrich and brought to Russia against his will by his aunt, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, so … Peter III of Russia was born on February 21, 1728 in Kiel, Russian, is Emperor of Russia. He was the only child born to the couple. Peter III was born as Karl Peter Ulrich to Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Anna Petrovna on February 21, 1728 in Kiel, Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. A second obliges the popes to cut their beards and to dress like Protestant pastors. ), to July 9 (June 28, O.S. Peter II of Russia was born Peter II Alexeyevich, to Prince Alexis and Princess Charlotte Christine, on October 23, 1715, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire. How on earth did he become Czar of Russia, then? Then she had a Russian Orthodox clergy ordain her as the sole ruler of Russia. Son of Anna, one of Peter I the Great’s daughters, and Charles Frederick, duke of Holstein-Gottorp, the young duke was brought to Russia by his aunt Elizabeth shortly after she became empress of Russia … The rebels were captured and executed in Moscow after the revolt, which was severely suppressed by Empress Catherine II. Catherine faced down more than a dozen uprisings during her reign. Peter was born in Kiel, in the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. The most famous was the Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, who led what came to be known as Pugachev's Rebellion in 1774, which was ultimately crushed by Catherine's forces. It is still debated whether Peter III was a powerful tsar overthrown by members of the army and nobles trying to seize political power or a mad and powerless man who accidentally ascended the Russian throne. Furthermore, it was near this town that the siege of Leningrad ended in January 1944. His mother died shortly after his birth. Peter III (21 February [O.S. Peter III (Emperor of Russia) Facts About Peter III of Russia. that the underage Peter's succession rights to Sweden were renounced on his behalf. After his death, four fake Peters (five if Šćepan Mali of Montenegro is included) came forth, supported by revolts among the people,[14] who believed in a rumor that Peter had not died but had been secretly imprisoned by Catherine. Peter III ( – ) (Pyotr III Fyodorovich) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. Peter III also abolished the Secret Chancellery, the political police and the investigative organs from the time of the Empresses Anna and Elizabeth, which were feared by nobles and commoners alike. "Love, Sex And Power In Affairs Of State And Heart". The next day, the empress consort delivered a speech asking the Russian Army to protect her from Peter. Peter considered this a casus belli and prepared for open warfare against Denmark. The palace coup against Peter III of Russia was planned by his wife, Catherine the Great, and the head of the palace’s military regiment, Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov. Hello, I enjoy reading all of your article. He sought to modernize the Russian army. The German-born Peter could hardly speak Russian and pursued a strongly pro-Prussian policy, which made him an unpopular leader. He was son of Anna, one of Peter the Great’s daughters, and Charles Frederick, duke of Germany, which made him technically German. He was the son of Duke Karl Friedrich of Holstein-Gottorp and Peter the Great's … Peter III; Catherine II; born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by, title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne, title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne, Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Princess Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, The ancestors and descendants Pyotr III Fyodorovitch, Emperor of Russia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Russia&oldid=1016519093, Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class), Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Lutheranism, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2018, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2014, Articles needing more viewpoints from July 2016, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Leonard, Carol S. "The Reputation of Peter III.". Romanovs. as a political failure, recent scholarship has portrayed it as part of a pragmatic plan to secure his Holstein-Gottorp duchy and to expand the common Holstein-Russian power northward and westwards. On December 25, 1761, Empress Elisabeth died and Peter ascended the imperial throne of Russia. During the rest of his childhood and early years, he lived in the custody of his uncle, Adolf Frederick Holstein, King of Sweden. When the new emperor took office, he issued an amnesty for political prisoners. 28 June] 1762) and the conference did not occur. Peter the Great had 14 children by his two wives, only three of whom survived to adulthood. He converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, took the name Peter Fyodorovich and became Grand Duke. While his maternal grandfather was Peter the Great of Russia, his … About the same time, in October 1742, he was chosen by the Swedish parliament to become heir presumptive to the Swedish throne. His most manly taste did not rise above the kind of military interest which has been defined as "corporal's mania," the passion for uniforms, pipeclay, buttons, the "tricks of parade and the froth of discipline." [8]:220, In June 1762, 40,000 Russian troops assembled in Pomerania under General Pyotr Rumyantsev, preparing to face 27,000 Danish troops under the French general Count St. Germain in case the Russian–Danish freedom conference (scheduled for 1 July 1762 in Berlin under the patronage of Frederick II) failed to resolve the issue. People say that Peter, after his death, stopped Hitler's army near Leningrad, just as the living Peter had stopped the Russian army near Berlin. Peter III ascended as the Tsar of Russia in January of 1762–but by then, Catherine had already learned a … [3], Despite his generally poor reputation, Peter made some progressive reforms during his short reign. I decided to gulp into the 1700 history, and Peter III of Russia caught my attention. He was deposed by troops loyal to his wife, Catherine, the former Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, who despite her own German origins was a Russian nationalist. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Peter III Russian Emperor Peter III ruled for only six months. He disbanded the militant group, which had won the hatred of the population with its harsh policies, and forbade landowners from killing their slaves without a court order. In addition, Kondratii Selivanov, who led a castrating sect known as the Skoptsy, claimed to be both Jesus and Peter III. He focused on making alliances with Sweden and with England to ensure that they would not interfere on Denmark's behalf, while Russian forces gathered at Kolberg in Russian-occupied Pomerania. In 1739, Peter’s father also died and he became Duke of Holstein-Gottorp with the name of Charles Peter Ulrich at the age of 11. I wanted to write a little comment to support you. 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